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Last Updated: Jan 10, 2012 URL: http://rushu.libguides.com/EBP Print Guide Email Alerts

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Study definitions

Systematic review

Uses explicit, rigorous methods to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize relevant studies
 

 Meta analysis

A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness.
 

 Randomized controlled trial

Clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process
 

Cohort study

  Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified.

 Case control trial

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

 

 Clinical trial

Pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy or optimum dosage schedule of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic drugs, devices or techniques, selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects.
      
     

    Why EBP

    "Unfortunately, there is a large though variable gap between what we know from research and what we do in clinical practice.  Because so much research is published - some valid and some invalid - clinicians understandably are unaware of most of it, or do not have the 'tools' to assess its quality.  Researchers, on the other hand, may not understand the information needs of clinicians and often present their work in a way that is not easily accessible to busy practitioners.  In 1972, British epidemiologist Archie Cochrane highlighted the fact that most treament-related decisions were not based on a systematic review of clinical research.  Rather, they were based on an ad hoc selection of information from the vast and variable quality scientific literature, on expert opinion or, worst of all, on trial and error."

    Excerpt from Evidence-Based Practice Workbook, 2nd ed. by Paul Glasziou, Chris Del Mar and Janet Salisbury.  Blackwell, 2007.

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